In 2015 the EPA disclosed that Volkswagen, Audi, and Porsche used emissions "defeat device" software in 2.0L and 3.0L TDI diesel engines to cheat federal NOx tests. The resulting settlements totaled more than $20 billion and offered a buyback or emissions-modification path for roughly 580,000 U.S. vehicles, plus restitution payments to owners.
The primary buyback and restitution windows under the 2016 and 2017 consent decrees have closed. Some used-buyer extended-emissions-modification warranties remain in force. Check VW Owner Resources for your VIN status.
Volkswagen Group installed software in the engine control unit that detected the cadence of an EPA emissions test (steering input zero, specific drive cycle) and switched the EGR and NOx-aftertreatment systems into a low-NOx tuning that the vehicle could not maintain in the real world. Real-world NOx emissions were measured at up to 40 times the federal limit. The consent decrees with the EPA, CARB, and the DOJ required Volkswagen to repurchase or perform an emissions modification on every affected vehicle and to pay restitution. Owners of 2.0L vehicles received between $5,100 and $10,000 in restitution; 3.0L owners received higher amounts depending on Gen 1 or Gen 2 hardware.
| Brand / Model | Years | Engine | Settlement Tier | Severity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VW Jetta / Jetta SportWagen TDI | 2009-2015 | 2.0L EA189 TDI | 2.0L Settlement (Gen 1/2/3) | Critical |
| VW Golf / Golf SportWagen TDI | 2010-2015 | 2.0L EA189 TDI | 2.0L Settlement | Critical |
| VW Passat TDI | 2012-2015 | 2.0L EA189 TDI | 2.0L Settlement | Critical |
| VW Beetle TDI | 2013-2015 | 2.0L EA189 TDI | 2.0L Settlement | Critical |
| Audi A3 TDI | 2010-2015 | 2.0L EA189 TDI | 2.0L Settlement | Critical |
| Audi A6 / A7 / A8 / Q5 / Q7 TDI | 2009-2016 | 3.0L V6 TDI | 3.0L Settlement (Gen 1 / Gen 2) | Critical |
| VW Touareg TDI | 2009-2016 | 3.0L V6 TDI | 3.0L Settlement | Critical |
| Porsche Cayenne Diesel | 2013-2016 | 3.0L V6 TDI | 3.0L Settlement | Critical |
Data sourced from NHTSA recall database (nhtsa.gov/recalls), manufacturer technical service bulletins, and publicly filed class-action documents. Always verify with your VIN before purchase or repair.
Recalls are tied to specific VINs, not just model years. Run yours through these free tools before you buy, sell, or schedule a repair:
Use our free VIN decoder to pull build info, or run a free AI diagnosis if you already have symptoms.
In re Volkswagen "Clean Diesel" Marketing, Sales Practices, and Products Liability Litigation, MDL No. 2672 (N.D. Cal.) consolidated hundreds of class and government actions. The 2.0L consent decree (October 2016) and the 3.0L consent decree (May 2017) provided buyback, lease termination, emissions modification, and restitution. Criminal pleas (FCPA and Clean Air Act counts) added separate penalties.
If you currently own an emissions-modified TDI, keep all paperwork; the modified-vehicle extended emissions warranty is still active and transferable on resale. If you were not on the original owner list (later purchaser), confirm modification status via the VIN lookup on the VW Trust Owner Resources page.
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Yes, as long as the emissions modification has been completed. Unmodified vehicles cannot be registered in most CARB states.
No. The buyback claim window closed in 2018-2019. Some hardship-extension cases were handled separately, but the program is effectively closed.
Slightly. Most owners report a 1-3 mpg decrease and modestly slower throttle response after the modification.
Yes. The modified vehicles carry an extended emissions warranty on key parts (catalysts, NOx sensors, DPF, EGR cooler, fuel injectors) typically 10 years / 120,000 miles from modification.
No. After 2016 VW exited the U.S. passenger-diesel market. The Audi 3.0L TDI continued in some commercial vehicles only.
They are part of the 3.0L Gen 1 / Gen 2 settlement with separate restitution amounts and a more complex modification schedule.